Language Paper

Language is something that for the most part every human has as a type of correspondence. It very well may be as verbal words, as composed words, or even as marked words, however it is something that as people we as a whole use somehow. The requirement for language advanced as a path for individuals to communicate their considerations, their sentiments and feelings, and even their apprehensions. People required an approach to speak with one another to communicate things that regularly couldn’t be communicated. This paper is going to embark to cover language. It will cover the meaning of language and vocabulary, just as assess the key highlights of language. The paper with portray the four degrees of the language structure and preparing just as break down the job of language handling in intellectual brain science. While it appears to be so straightforward, language is an intricate just as interesting intellectual capacity that will be investigated more in this paper. Language and Lexicon If an individual were approached to characterize language they would most likely simply remark on the reality of verbal correspondence. Truth be told the genuine meaning of language is that it is a precise methods for imparting by the utilization of sounds or traditional images (Caplan, 2007). At the point when an individual discussions about dictionary they are actually discussing a person’s jargon. As per Caplan, lexicon’s definition is that it is a language’s jargon or the language user’s information on words (2007). As expressed above language is a psychological capacity that is entirely of a procedure called the etymological procedure. The semantic procedure permits an individual to have the option to deliver correspondence, however to have the option to comprehend it also. This idea will be investigated more all through the paper. At the point when individuals talk about the structure of language it is commonly valuable to consider it having four levels. The four levels incorporate, discourse sounds or phonemes, words, sentences, and gatherings of sentences or messages (Willingham, 2007). The most reduced level phonemes, which are essentially discourse sounds, are the place the examination of the sounds that make up words comes in. Phonemes are fundamentally the individual hints of discourse that compare to the letters in the letters in order of the individual attempting to utilize correspondence. On the off chance that an individual just ganders at simply the English language they would find that there are 46 phonemes. Worldwide an individual would discover around 200 phonemes (Willingham, 2007). Proceeding with the English language, the 46 phonemes that relate with each letter of the letter set consolidate in various manners so as to make the approximately 600,000 words contained in the English language alone. In every language there are sure principles with regards to phonemes expressing how the phonemes can be joined and where they can show up in a word (Willingham, 2007). A case of one of the guidelines in the English language is that a stop consonant can't show up more than once toward the start of a word. Phonemes are the main levels that are joined to make words, which are the subsequent level. After that it goes into the third level where words consolidate together to make sentences. Obviously an individual can’t simply consolidate any words so as to make sentences, there are rules engaged with this similarly as there are rules associated with making words. All together for a sentence to be justifiable and be appropriate in structure an individual must incorporate legitimate syntax was well as legitimate request in the sentence itself. The last degree of language structure and preparing is gathering sentences or making text. At the point when an individual discussions about content they are alluding to a gathering of sentences that join together and that are connected so as to make a section or a gathering of passages. So as to cause an appropriate book there needs to be an association between the sentences engaged with the content. The sentences in the content need to identify with one another, they need to bode well, and in conclusion they should have consistent associations that make each sentence applicable to the past sentence. Language is characterized by five fundamental properties that are esteemed basic for language. The properties incorporate open, discretionary, organized, generative, and dynamic. The main property, open, is a property in light of the fact that as it portrays it grants one individual to speak with someone else. Next in the properties is subjective, which is the way that the connection between language’s components and their importance is self-assertive. With regards to images, mediation is one of the key highlights. A sound can represent an importance, yet with respect to which sound represents which significance is viewed as self-assertive (Willingham, 2007). While language is self-assertive, it is simultaneously organized too. Essentially meaning the example of images isn't subjective in any way. Next is the way that language is additionally generative. The essential units of language, for example, words can be utilized to manufacture any number of implications. At long last, language is dynamic since it isn't simply static. As indicated by Willingham, language is changing continually as new words are included and the guidelines of sentence structure gradually and unpretentiously change (2007). Language Processing in Cognitive Psychology Language is a momentous procedure when it is taken a gander at on a psychological level. Most definitely, people are the main being on earth that groups the capacity to have the option to impart through language. With regards to a person’s fundamental needs and wants an individual has just to impart them through words for them to be met. Another fascinating reality is that an individual can learn language quickly and adequately through their adolescence, yet as an individual develops more seasoned language procurement gets more diligently for the individual. With regards to language preparing it assumes a key job in psychological brain research because of the way that it unravels the manner by which an individual can discuss just as procedure, store, and recover the language that they procure. End When it comes to people the essential device of correspondence is language. Language is something that for the most part every human has as a type of correspondence. It tends to be as verbal words, as composed words, or even as marked words, yet it is something that as people we as a whole use somehow. The requirement for language developed as a route for individuals to communicate their musings, their sentiments and feelings, and even their apprehensions. People required an approach to speak with one another to communicate things that regularly couldn’t be communicated. Language is one of the surprising intellectual procedures that people all offer and without language it is hard to speak with someone else. Without the degrees of language or the guidelines that are engaged with it would most likely be hard for individuals to comprehend each other, considerably less discuss viably with each other.ReferencesCaplan, D. (2007) Language: Structure, Processing, and Disorders. Recovered November 10, 2010 from http://mitpress.mit.edu/list/thing/default.asp?tid=4344&ttype=2 Willingham, D.T. (2007). Discernment: The reasoning creature (third ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person/Allyn and Bacon.

Farhenheit 451 Literary Criticism Essay Example For Students

Farhenheit 451 Literary Criticism Essay Scholarly Criticism of Fahrenheit 451 Dont stress, be glad, or if nothing else that is the thing that everybody in Ray Bradburys book Fahrenheit 451 idea. Regardless of what was happening around them, war, wrongdoing, or demise, they were consistently upbeat Or right? Beam Bradbury composed books about control in the public eye conforming to being controlled absolutely or mostly from books and TV. In Fahrenheit 451 the fundamental character, Montag, is a fire fighter whose activity it is to consume books to shield general society from understanding at that point and thinking of their own considerations and thoughts and not the thoughts that the administration places in their minds. Wile he is consuming books one day he opens one to understand it and gets fixated on understanding books. He turns on his fire boss and consumes him, and goes to live with individuals who likewise read books and remember them so they can be reproduced then society is prepared for them once more. Three individuals that show that they are glad outwardly yet are not really cheerful are Montag, Mildred and Mrs. Phelps. In the story, Montag, who is a fire fighter for the city thinks he is content until he meets a neighbor young lady named Clarisse. Clarisse is viewed as a weirdo in the general public of Fahrenheit 451 in light of the fact that she is reserved in their reality which really implies that she is social by todays principles. She converses with individuals about things rather than the individuals of 451 who talk about good for nothing things that have no substance. Subside Sesario says that is she is viewed as along these lines since, She was a delicate, perceptive individual who addressed society and was thusly dispensed with by the administration (3). One day as Montag and Clarisse are strolling down the road Clarisse says to Montag, Are you Happy?(10). Montag is astounded and before he could think of and answer Clarisse is gone. As he goes into his home he converses with himself, obviously Im glad. What does she think? Im not?(10) When he is stating this he admires the roof where he has Hidden books which are things that really fulfill him rather than the things around him which he thinks satisfies him. She additionally sees that when Montag snickers it is a phony chuckle and that he doesnt truly mean it when he giggles. Additionally when he grins it's anything but a genuine grin which further demonstrates that he isnt glad. Another character that appears as though she is cheerful however truly is troubled at all is Mildred. She is Montags spouse and she is disturbed at all despite the fact that she accepts she is. One way she shows that she is troubled is that she attempts to end it all one day by over dosing on dozing pills while Montag is grinding away. Montag gets back home to discover her laying on the floor dropped and a vacant container of resting pills next to her. He calls 911 and two men go to his home wearing nonstainable rosy earthy colored coveralls and two uncommonly made machines. They came to siphon her stomach and clean her blood. The two men siphoned her stomach and barely cared about it. Pundit Edward Eller says, They go about as calmly as jacks of all trades doing a fix-it-up work (2). As the mens machines are accomplishing the work one of the men who is conversing with Montag and says, Hell! We get these cases nine or ten per night (15). This shows it isn't just Mildred that is troubled yet numerous others in the general public of Fahrenheit 451. Likewise she considers the individuals in her dramas to be her genuine family and not her significant other. She can not recollect when she and Montag met. .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d , .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .postImageUrl , .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d , .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:hover , .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:visited , .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:active { border:0!important; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; progress: darkness 250ms; webkit-change: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:active , .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:hover { mistiness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7f bdac2e39c6d .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u28b7f4c9f606928cd1c7fbdac2e39c6d:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Marketing Research Essay She gets discouraged when she can not watch her network shows and needs Montag to get her another divider so she can have every one of the 4 dividers for TV. One other individual who appears to be glad to the peruser from the outset yet truth be told isn't, is Mrs. Phelps. One day as Mrs. Phelps is discussing kids and how she could never have them since it isn't justified, despite any potential benefits Mrs. Bowles says .

The Case For And Against Cable Television

The Case For And Against Cable Television Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!The Case For And Against Cable TelevisionUpdated On 10/01/2016Author : HBB Guest AuthorTopic : InternetShort URL : http://hbb.me/1kOldaI CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogIn the UK, cable television has always played second fiddle to satellite, primarily because of the ubiquity of Rupert Murdochs Sky television, a service that has monopolised the premium TV market since it first launched in the country more than 20 years ago. With the arrival of Virgin Media though, cable television is finally starting to make some waves in millions of British homes now enjoying the comparatively lower costs and more flexible  interactive features  that cable television has to offer.Indeed, Virgin Media is estimated to have made a cool £3 billion in profits last year and though this can partly be attributed to their ownership of most of the countries fibre-optic lines (which allow for high-speed broadband), the hundreds of channels and bespoke smart features imbedded in the Virgin Media TV package have really helped the company go toe-to-toe with the competition.Below, well be outlining why you should consider switching to cable TV and why you shouldnt. Well be taking into account other options (from satellite to Freeview and everything in-between) and exactly what each could potentially offer. Hopefully this will allow you to make a smart and (most importantly) informed decision.ForChannels  â€" If youre comparing  cable television  to satellite, the channel selection is largely identical. There are a few channels available to Sky customers that remain elusive to the cable user (Sky Atlantic being the most notable) but generally youll be getting all the same entertainment, music, sport and news stations. When comparing cable to Freeview however the advantages are obvious as there are literally hundreds of potential channels, many of which are available on premi um package options so you only end up paying for the channels you actually watch. There are also pay-per-view channels and digital radio stations, as well as a brace of interactive red button features.Apps  â€" Much as with your smartphones and tablets, the most recent Virgin Media boxes include a range of apps that allow users to access services such as Netflix, BBC iPlayer and even Spotify and eBay through their set-top boxes. These are services that Freeview users could only dream of.DVR  â€" Although it is possible to purchase DVR boxes for subscription free digital services, a Virgin Media subscription comes with a Tivo box, which not only contains more free storage space than a Sky+ DVR box, but can also potentially record 3 separate channels at one time!Reliability  â€" Unlike a satellite or digital Freeview signal, cable is shielded from the elements as its buried beneath the ground, running parallel to the pavements outside our homes. Because of this, there are generally fa r fewer outages and  Digital TV Reception Problems  with cable TV than there are with any other service.READ7 Ways You Can Make Your Employees Feel At HomePackages  â€" The ability to combine your broadband, television and landline bills into one, cost-effective package can be incredibly tempting and Virgin Media offers perhaps the best packages going. Sky might be able to match them on price, but when it comes to speed; only Virgin can offer broadband speeds of up to 120mbps!Future Proofing  â€" The majority of cable packages available today will include the capability to upgrade firmware on a regular basis so that youre never left behind when a new app, feature or upgrade becomes available.AgainstExpense  â€" It’s impossible to ignore, cable television is expensive, especially if you choose to go for a premium package. In fact, if you choose to indulge in packages that include film and sports channels, youre likely to be spending in excess of £100 per month on your televisual e ntertainment. By sticking with  Freeview  you could be saving potentially hundreds of pounds a year and many Freeview boxes offer premium features, meaning if youre willing to pay just a little extra, you wont be missing out on anything but the more niche channels.Streaming  â€" Netflix, LoveFilm instant and other similar services are changing the way in which we absorb our media. The monthly fees for these services are a fraction of the costs youd be spending on a cable subscription and the fact that you can watch what you want, when you want is a massive boon, especially to those who might not have a significant amount of free time.Space  â€" This might seem like were splitting hairs here but when it comes to real estate space in your entertainment system, cable boxes are generally gargantuan compared to their satellite and Freeview competitors.Speed  â€" Whilst cable is more reliable than satellite television it is also slightly slower. The difference is negligible though.Install ation  â€" Having cable television installed might (depending on your location) require an engineer to do some quite serious digging in the immediate area around your house in order for them to hook up the cable. The install is generally included in the overall cost of your service but it can be incredibly invasive. Far more invasive than simply having a  TV Aerial Engineer  reconfigures your aerials antenna.Ultimately its a decision that comes very much down to the individual user but in general, if you watch a fair amount of television on a weekly basis there are far many more sensible reasons to switch to cable than there are not to.

Candide by Voltaire and Essay on Man by Alexander Pope

In the book Candide, by Voltaire and in the â€Å"Essay On Man† by Alexander Pope, both authors write about similar ideas. However, they also have some drastic differences, such as Voltaires sarcastic over exaggeration of ideas that oppose his to make a point. Both Voltaire and Pope make conflicting arguments for a general ideology but Voltaire depicts in opinion much stronger. In the Essay on Man, Pope brings up many theories about the universe, Earth, and The Great Chain of Being. One of the most significant ideas he brings up is the idea that â€Å"All partial evil, (is) universal good†(293). What Pope is trying to say here is that perhaps the suffering of a few benefits everyone in the long run. However, the true meaning of this quote isnt extremely clear to the eye from the reading, and leaves the readers mind open. Another one of Popes ideas is the great chain of being, and everythings position on it. He believes it is a law of the world and that breaking it would be nearly impossible. He states that: â€Å"Men would be angels, angels would be gods. Aspiring to be gods, if angels fell, Aspiring to be angels, men rebel: And who but wishes to invert the laws Of order, sins against the Eternal Cause†(125-130). Pope is essentially saying that if anyone breaks, or tries to break the great chain of being, they are committing a sin against the â€Å"Eternal Cause†, or the cause of God. Also, he is saying that all parts of the chain are necessary. If angels didn’t exist, men would try toShow MoreRelatedAn Essay on Man vs. Candide795 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿An Essay on Man vs. Candide During the period of Enlightenment, many philosophers began a new way of thinking. For philosopher Alexander Pope in An Essay on Man, Pope believed that, â€Å"Whatever is, is right† (L. 294), in that God is in control and every human being is a part of a greater design of God. Voltaire later challenged that belief in Candide with the idea that God does not produce order, but instead, we must produce it ourselves and use reason to give our lives meaning. Pope’s positionRead MoreCompare and Contrast Happines in Candide, Rasselas, Essay on Man1496 Words   |  6 Pagesand put in their two cents of their views on the matter of happiness. Alexander Pope talks about the relationship and purpose man has to the universe in An Essay on Man, Voltaire wrote about living in blind optimism with a false notion of happiness in Candide, and Samuel Johnson wrote The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abyssinia, in which the main characters are on a quest to find happiness. Alexander Pope’s, An Essay on Man, tries to answer the question many have had about happiness and how toRead MoreDifferent Viewpoints on Human Nature Essay520 Words   |  3 Pagesgreater detail than Candide, The Prince, and Essay on Man. Voltaire, Niccolo Machiavelli, and Alexander Pope, who wrote these three works respectively, concur with each other on many view points. But it is their differences that make the works unique. Voltaire wrote Candide in 1759 during the period known as the Enlightenment. It is a story that has a deeper symbolic meaning about life and human nature. At face value it seems to be an optimistic tale that speaks highly of man. But when looked atRead Morecompare and contrast aphra Bhens Oroonoko the royal slave and candide, or optimism1618 Words   |  7 PagesWRITE AN ESSAY OF 1,500 WORDS IN WHICH YOU COMPARE AND CONTRAST THE TWO PASSAGES BELOW, TAKEN FROM BEHNS _OROONOKO_ OR THE ROYAL SLAVE AND VOLTAIRES _CANDIDE_, OR OPTIMISM. IN YOUR DISCUSSION PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO THE WAYS IN WHICH THE CONTEXTS OF EUROPEAN COLONISATION AND EXPLORATION INFORM THE TWO PASSAGES. Aphra Bhen was a prolific female playwright and author during the restoration period of English history. Bhen herself stood by the power of the monarchy. Her book _Oroonoko_Read MoreVoltaires Criticism of Leibniz Essay4061 Words   |  17 Pages(Johnson was discussing rationalism at the time). Voltaires response to Leibniz is similar to Johnsons: Go out and look at the world, Voltaire tells us over and over in Candide. Candide, often considered to be Voltaires masterpiece, tells the story of a naà ¯ve (or candid, from which he gets his name) young man who grows up in the German province of Westphalia. Candide grows to be, in his own opinion, wise under the tutelage of the learned and traveled Doctor Pangloss. Pangloss may be intended as aRead MoreCompare Candide and Tartuffe5528 Words   |  23 Pagescharacters, which satirized the Neo-Classic belief system.     Ã‚   In  Candide, Voltaires approach is called black comedy. Many devastating factors play into the characters lives that causes the reader to be amused in a cynical way in order to guard their inner feelings. He challenges society as a whole by the way he implements real life occurrences into his writing and makes them come alive. This becomes evident when Dr. Pangloss told Candide what came of Cunegonde at the castle of Westphalia after he left

Cal State Los Angeles Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

California State University, Los Angeles is a public research university with an acceptance rate of 42%. Located in the University Hills district of Los Angeles, CSULA is one of the  23 schools  that make up the California State University system. The university offers 57 undergraduate programs and 51 graduate degree programs. Among undergraduates, programs in business administration, education, criminal justice, and social work are the most popular. Cal State LA has a 23-to-1  student/faculty  ratio. In athletics, the CSULA Golden Eagles compete in the NCAA Division II  California Collegiate Athletic Association. Considering applying to CSULA? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, CSULA had an acceptance rate of 42%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 42 were admitted, making CSULAs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 39,853 Percent Admitted 42% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 23% SAT Scores and Requirements Cal State University Los Angles requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 96% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 450 540 Math 440 540 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of CSULAs admitted students fall within the bottom 29% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Cal State Los Angeles scored between 450 and 540, while 25% scored below 450 and 25% scored above 540. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 440 and 540, while 25% scored below 440 and 25% scored above 540. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1080 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Cal State Los Angeles. Requirements Cal State Los Angeles does not require the SAT writing section. Note that CSULA will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject test scores are not required, but if the score meets a benchmark, it may be used to fulfill certain core course requirements. ACT Scores and Requirements Cal State Los Angeles requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 39% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 16 20 Math 14 20 Composite 15 20 This admissions data tells us that most of Cal State Los Angeles admitted students fall within the  bottom 20% nationally  on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to CSULA received a composite ACT score between 15 and 20, while 25% scored above 20 and 25% scored below 15%. Requirements Cal State Los Angeles does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many universities, CSULA superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA In 2018, the average high school GPA for incoming Cal State Los Angeles freshman was 3.24. These results suggest that most successful applicants to CSULA have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph California State University, Los Angeles Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to California State University, Los Angeles. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Cal State Los Angeles, which accepts fewer than half of applicants, has a selective admissions process. What makes the difference between an acceptance and a rejection? Unlike the  University of California System, the  California State University  admission process is not  holistic. Except for EOP (Educational Opportunity Program) students, applicants do  not  need to submit letters of recommendation or an application essay, and extracurricular involvement is not part of the standard application. Admissions are  based primarily on an  eligibility index  that combines GPA and test scores. To be admitted to CSULA, you must have completed and achieved a 2.7 minimum GPA in required college preparatory courses which include two years of history and social science, four years of college prep English, three years of math, two years of laboratory science, one year of visual or performing arts, and one year of a college preparatory elective. Applicants should be aware that California State University, Los Angeles is designated as  impacted  because it receives more applications than can be accommodated. Due to impaction, particularly competitive majors such as Biology, Business, and Nursing may have additional requirements for eligibility. All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and California State University, Los Angeles Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Smoking Is A Silent Killer - 2427 Words

In the past few years, statistics have continuously shown that over half a million Americans die of tobacco use every year. Smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disease. The tobacco in the cigarette contains nicotine, which is a very addictive substance that makes smokers keep smoking. This is very deadly since it damages the body immediately and in the long run causes all sorts of health problems, yet many are still glued to smoking. In today’s context, any form of smoking by any individual is nothing but dangerous for health. Smoking in all essences, slows the body down in the long run and one is not able to function at their best compared to a nonsmoker perhaps. In this day and age, we need to be at our best all the time in terms of productivity, optimum health cannot be achieved by tobacco use. Hence smoking is a silent killer. It is also a very important topic to discuss since many of youths are smoking and going on to smoke even stronger substances other than tobacco. At this rate, many deaths and diseases tend to occur. The reason being on selection of this topic is to be able to pinpoint the short and long term effects of tobacco use. Since I have people close to me that are smokers, it would be ideal to deeply explore more findings on smoking in order to educate them on this addiction that leads to chronic health problems or even death. Most people who smoke do not realize that when one inhales tobacco smoke that they are literally poisoningShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Consequences of Tobacco1042 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath in the world today. Smoking has begun to take over our everyday life. It is the number one most leading cause of death in the world today, and also the number one substance smoked or chewed today. But what people do not realize is that there are consequences to smoking tobacco, or eating it. Tobacco is hazardous to the human body system, therefore it should be banned due to the fact that it causes serious problems to those who do smoke, causes second hand smoking, and causes gum diseases.Read MoreArgumentative Essay Smoking845 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking is a silent killer. Smoking is the process of breathing in smoke from burning cigarette, tobacco and weed into the lungs, blood stream, and brain. Smoking does many dangerous things to the body of both smokers and nonsmokers that people are not aware of due to lack of education and social influence. Nonsmoker are affected just by inhaling the air filled with smoke from smoker. So even if I don’t smoke but have people around me that smoke can impact my health negatively. Generations unbornRead MoreHigh Blood Pressure Among African Americans1040 Words   |  5 PagesHigh Blood Pressure Among African Americans Many illness or diseases are known as silent killers because there are no signs or only vague signs of symptoms. These silent killers are deadly; in fact, they gradually consume a person in the early stages. One of those silent killers is High Blood Pressure also known as hypertension. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention defines High Blood Pressure as the force of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries, which carry blood from your heartRead MoreCarbon Monoxide Poisoning Essay1514 Words   |  7 Pageswe can’t see, smell, or hear something, doesn’t necessarily mean we are out of harms way. The effects of carbon monoxide are often fatal and each of us is at risk of becoming affected with Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Often referenced as the â€Å"silent killer,† (â€Å"What is Carbon Monoxide†), carbon monoxide cannot be detected by any of our senses. It is a highly poisonous, combustible gas, which has no color or odor. As a result, it is near impossible to detect and before you realize you are a victimRead MoreHeart Disease And Cardiovascular Disease1028 Words   |  5 Pagesto think that breast cancer is their biggest health threat. And while it s important, heart disease remains the No. 1 killer of women, even young women.† After reading this information it scares me knowing that this is the number 1 killer in women and it runs in the family. This can increase the chances of me getting the disease. Ways to avoid this disease would be to stop smoking and stay healthy. I chose high blood pressure as a potential risk in my life because my grandfather’s suffers from itRead MoreHistorical Background Of Tobacco - Early American Indians Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesReviews, 1995 there is a much higher smoking rate amongst people with schizophrenia because it has been found that the smoking of tobacco reduces psychiatric, cognitive, sensory, and physical effects of schizophrenia (Kumari Postma, 2005) 3. Growing medical concerns of tobacco In 1960 there began to be a movement identifying the health hazards of tobacco the American Surgeon General issued a report in 1964 which outlined the hazards of the use of tobacco for smoking this allowed the introduction ofRead MoreOsteoporosis And Incidence Of Osteoporosis1348 Words   |  6 Pagesfactors such as diet, lack of weight bearing exercise, smoking, or excessive alcohol consumption. 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There are many factors associated with high blood pressure, including smoking, age, race, a high-salt diet, excessive alcohol consumption, stress, use of birth control pills, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle.what age is at risk?If you are a man from 35 to 50, you are in a high-risk zone for hypertension, this is especiallyRead MoreHeart Atta ck Paper1532 Words   |  7 Pagespercent, With even moderate consumption of alcohol with the help of four healthy behaviors (including non-smoking, exercising, and eating five serving of fruits and vegetables) added 14 years to your life according to Harvard University. They as well advice people that do drink to continue to do so in moderation, With no more than two drinks per day for men and one drink per day for women. Smoking is a practice where a substance, mostly commonly tobacco and marijuana are burned and the smoke tastedRead MoreThe Effects Of Hiv On A Healthy Lifestyle1553 Words   |  7 Pageshealth backgrounds. Thus, if younger generations focused more on their well-being and were more informed on HIV/AIDS, then there may be a difference. For example, recently there have been many commercials about smoking and those commercials are aimed to scare the individual in seeing how smoking can literally destroy a person’s body and outer appearance. The commercials are making the audience think if they do not want to look like that, then they should not smoke. However, with HIV/AIDS, there is not

Paradoxical Slogans in 1984 free essay sample

The definition of a paradox is, â€Å"A statement that on the surface seems a contradiction, but that actually contains some truth. † In George Orwell’s, 1984, the use of paradoxes is exemplified in an attempt to allow the reader to understand the true intentions of a totalitarian government. By using war as a method of keeping peace in the society or even going so far as to further the degree of ignorance to greaten the government’s power, Orwell constantly expresses the oppression of people under a totalitarian rule, the central theme of the novel. In an effort to gain the further support of the people of Oceania, the controlling party writes the following three paradoxical slogans on any propaganda poster: War is Peace, Ignorance is Strength, Freedom is Slavery. These paradoxical slogans, no matter how antonymous, contain a high degree of truth and can be proven through Orwell’s vivid descriptions of Oceania as well as the various literary features found throughout the novel The traditional definition of war is when two or more parties go into combat for a desired external goal that cannot be obtained within their boundaries. However, in 1984, although there are two other enemies that exist against Oceania, Eastasia and Eurasia, because of the fact that they are all equally matched, war would only cause massive destruction with no victorious party at the end. So instead of fighting, the war is used as a means to keep the hierarchical structure of society intact and allowing the ruling party to maintain their control. They do so by using the war as an excuse to utilize and consume all the wealth that the society could hold. By creating a sense of inequality, the government does not have to worry about the masses becoming literate. In doing so, they do not come to â€Å"realize that the privileged minority has no function† and would not sweep it away hence the paradoxical slogan â€Å"War is Peace†. Furthermore, violence against an opposing rebel of the party maintains the peace of the society as any turmoil that may arise is suppressed before damage is done. A numerous amount of literary features can be found throughout the novel that supports the truthfulness of this slogan. The Thought Police, which is a symbol of the government’s authority and control over the people of Oceania, create violence or war by killing or torturing those in rebellion against the Party. In doing so, peace is restored throughout Oceania. Another literary feature supporting this slogan is the climax of the novel, the torturing of the protagonist, Winston, in Room 101. â€Å"But it was all right, everything was all right, the struggle was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. † This quote best exemplifies this slogan as it gives a clear sense of his defeat and establishes peace through this violent process. It is only until Winston is tortured by the use of his biggest fear, rats, that peace is generated. Goldstein and the Two Minutes Hate is an example of how the development of plot contributes to the accuracy of this slogan. Goldstein was supposedly the leader of the Brotherhood and his teachings were the primary source for all types of crime amongst the society and the Party. â€Å"A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electrical current. By using Goldstein as a common enemy, this violence can be directed towards a single character and actually unify Oceania for this time. The people, no matter how violent they may seem, as the quote suggests, are united together into expressing their anger towards this scapegoat. The establishment of war and violence brings peace to the Party as the people are reminded of their ruler, their savior, Big Brother, and the Party gains their further support. The Inner Party goes to immense lengths to greaten the degree of ignorance among the people. As long as they are not permitted to have standards of comparison they never even become aware that they are being oppressed. † This quote, from Goldstein’s The Theory And Practice Of Oligarchical Collectivism, depicts the key to greatening ignorance, a lack of comparison. In Oceania, there are no means of comparison, as communication is under the Party’s influence. Knowledge is the Party’s threat, which once high enough, would lead to their annihilation. Knowledge grows through the education of the people, however this is hindered by the enforcement of various literary features. The motif, Newspeak, recurs throughout the novel, and illustrates how the government restricts knowledge through the limitation of language. Newspeak is a language that has a narrowed vocabulary in an attempt to exclude words that can raise awareness of any suppressive behavior that the Party exerts. â€Å"Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thought crime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. This quote best illustrates the Party’s intentions for Newspeak in regards to this slogan. The first sentence establishes how this motif is increasing ignorance, by narrowing the range of thought. In doing so, the second sentence holds true as the more ignorance that is spread through society, the more strength and power the Party gains control over the people of Oceania. The telescreen, a television that is used to monitor the people of the society as well as to show propag anda, â€Å"regularly broadcasts false news reports about Oceanias military victories and economic achievements†. The telescreen acts as a symbol of the government’s manipulation of technology to achieve their corrupt agenda. These false reports generate more ignorance in the citizens as they are under the false pretenses that their government is succeeding. This strengthens the Party’s power, as the people are satisfied with the government’s supposed success. The manipulation of records and world history and its contribution to this paradoxical slogan can also be noticed in regards to the Ministry of Truth. The propaganda’s absurd influence is illustrated through Orwell’s descriptions and his use of irony. The irony of the Ministry is that contradictory to its title, the members actually alter past documents to fit the needs of the Party whether it is to slightly or completely edit history. This destruction of truth once again leads to a heightened amount of ignorance thus creating a higher level of support and giving more strength to the antagonist. The general notion for being successful is that the harder one works, the better their life will be and the further their success will progress. The Party utilizes this belief to their full advantage. By forcing individuals to perform and focus on their daily routines, their attention is diverted and do not notice the exploitation that is taking place. The people are forced to constantly work hard and slave away. This exertion allows the Party to be free from any rebellion that may occur. The majority of people are too preoccupied to ponder any rebellious thoughts, which allows the Party to enjoy their treasures. In summary, the paradoxical slogan â€Å"Freedom is Slavery† contains a degree of truth as in order for the Party to have freedom from rebellion and enjoy their spoils, they must force the people of Oceania into slavery. The people are forced into performing daily exercises in an attempt to keep society healthy; however, this is not as important as the true desire, which is to keep society preoccupied. Flashbacks are weaknesses to the Party as they are usually associated with thoughts about the time before Big Brother came into power. â€Å"†¦It was evident that there had been a fairly long interval of peace during his childhood, because of his early memories was of an air raid which appeared to take everyone by surprise. This quote exemplifies the flashbacks that the Party is attempting to repress, as it is a memory, Winston’s memory, of the peace before the Party took power. In an effort to prevent this literary device that is frequently seen as the plot continues, the authority forces Winston to exercise harder, and in doing so, he quickly forgets about this and concentrates on his task at hand. This allows the Party to be free from any rebellious thoughts that a minority of people mi ght be thinking of at the expense of this slavery. This paradox also contains some truth in the Party’s belief that a man who is free from authority is destined to fail. This can be seen through the falling action of the novel where Winston, who was free throughout, ultimately fails and succumbs to the Party’s brainwashing becoming another one of their mindless drones. These paradoxical slogans contain a high degree of veracity and contribute to the theme of the harmful effects and devastating impact of oppression under a totalitarian government. Orwell’s unique writing style and incorporation of these slogans depicts the flaws of such a government and the reasons why such a corrupt authority should not be in power. The Party openly announces these slogans to the people of Oceania; however, because of their ignorance, they do not understand the logic of these phrases. They are fooled by the Party’s manipulation of records and live in fear, which furthers the authority the government has over them. It is only until the people realize that they are being oppressed that this suppression will end. They must become aware of their repression and understand one thing: the power is with the people. â€Å"Until they become conscious they will never rebel, and until after they have rebelled they cannot become conscious. †

10 Fun Facts About Northeastern

Northeastern University is located in the heart of Boston, MA - one of the most popular college towns in the U.S. Apart from its popular college location and vibrant student life, what do you know about Northeastern? If the answer is nothing, you’ll love these 10 fun facts! 1. Northeastern was originally called the Evening Institute of Young Men, and was founded in association with YMCA in 1898. 2. Originally a cross-country team tradition, the Underwear Run is now a college tradition that takes place every Parent’s Weekend. Coincidence? We think not. 3.Northeastern’s Co-op (Cooperative Education) Program attracts many applicants to apply. Not only is it one of the most popular programs, Northeastern was actually one of the first schools to instill such a program in 1909.4. Home to the Northeastern Huskies, Matthews Arena is the oldest hockey arena in the world. 5. Biz Stone, one of Twitter’s co-founder, attended Northeastern to study Arts but dropped out. 6. Even though the Northeastern Huskies have never won the NCAA tournament, they have produced NBA players like Reggie Lewis and J.J. Barea. 7. Shawn Fanning founded Napster at Northeastern and dropped out in 1999. 8.Northeastern’s Cabot Center is an indoor athletic avenue that was rebuilt on the Huntington Avenue Grounds, which was where the first World Series was held. There is a plaque that marks the spot on where the left field foul line used to be. 9. Wendy Williams attended Northeastern University and graduated with a B.A. in Communications in 1986. 10.The Northeastern’s Snell Library has over 1 millions visitors each year. Are you looking to apply toNortheastern? Make sure to search through profiles of students accepted to see essays, stats, and advice. See how they got in, and how you can too!

Thesis on Pr and Advertising Essays

Thesis on Pr and Advertising Essays Thesis on Pr and Advertising Essay Thesis on Pr and Advertising Essay Essay Topic: A Very Old Man With Enormous Wings Push Precious Summer Internship Report Development Credit Bank Present and Future Report submitted in partial fulfillment of degree of Bachelors of Business Administration (MS) Submitted to: Mrs. Apeksha Huda Faculty Guide Submitted By: Raghav Mehra BBA(MS) 2008-20011 Roll No. A3914708014 Amity School of Business Amity University Acknowledgement I, Raghav Mehra, owe enormous intellectual debt towards towards my dissertation guide Mrs. Apeksha Huda, Faculty, Amity School of Business, Amity University who has augmented my knowledge in the field of marketing and has given me invaluable insight into the subject. I am obliged to him for being extremely patient and helpful towards me and giving me sufficient time for discussion and guidance at all stages of my work. My increased spectrum of knowledge in this field is the result of his continuous supervision in directing me to absorb relevant and high quality information. I would also like to thank our respected Director Mam, Mrs. Alka Munjal for giving me such an opportunity and platform to accomplish my dissertation report successfully. I would like to thank all those people who helped me in the successful ompletion of my project by giving their precious time in filling my questionnaires without which it would not have been possible to complete my project. Raghav Mehra Contents Banking System in India Executive Summary Introduction About the Project Objective Research Methodology Literature Review 1. Public relation 2. Understanding PR 3. Advertising 4. Advertising- types and how to use it in the 5. present Business Scenario 6. The Objective of an Advertiser’s Right Selection 7. Role of media vehicles in Advertisement 8. The Better Tool of Communication 9. An Analysis PR Vs Advertising 10. The Present scenario 11. The Research 12. Findings, analysis and recommendations 13. Future of advertising Banking System in India Currently, India has 96 scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) 27 public sector banks (that is with the Government  holding a stake), 31 private banks (these do not have government stake; they may be publicly listed and traded on stock exchanges) and 38 foreign banks. They have a combined network of over 53,000 branches and 49,000  ATMs. According to a report by ICRA Limited, a rating agency, the public sector banks hold over 75 percent of total assets of the banking industry, with the private and foreign banks holding 18. 2% and 6. 5% respectively In the early 1990s, the then  Narsimha Rao  government embarked on a policy of  liberalization, licensing a small number of private banks. These came to be known as  New Generation tech-savvy banks, and included Global Trust Bank (the first of such new generation banks to be set up), which later amalgamated with Oriental Bank of Commerce,  Axis Bank(earlier as  UTI Bank),  ICICI Bank  and  HDFC Bank. This move, along with the rapid growth in the  economy of India, revitalized the banking sector in India, which has seen rapid growth with strong contribution from all the three sectors of banks, namely, government banks, private banks and foreign banks. The next stage for the Indian banking has been set up with the proposed relaxation in the norms for Foreign Direct Investment, where all Foreign Investors in banks may be given voting rights which could exceed the present cap of 10%,at present it has gone up to 74% with some restrictions. The new policy shook the Banking sector in  India  completely. Bankers, till this time, were used to the 4-6-4 method (Borrow at 4%;Lend at 6%;Go home at 4) of functioning. The new wave ushered in a modern outlook and tech-savvy methods of working for traditional banks. All this led to the retail boom in India. People not just demanded more from their banks but also received more. Currently (2007), banking in India is generally fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks. In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other banks in comparable economies in its region. The Reserve Bank of India is an autonomous body, with minimal pressure from the government. The stated policy of the Bank on the Indian Rupee is to manage volatility but without any fixed exchange rate-and this has mostly been true. With the growth in the Indian economy expected to be strong for quite some time-especially in its services sector-the demand for banking services, especially  retail banking, mortgages and investment services are expected to be strong. One may also expect MAs, takeovers, and asset sales. In March 2006, the Reserve Bank of India allowed Warburg Pincus to increase its stake in Kotak Mahindra Bank (a private sector bank) to 10%. This is the first time an investor has been allowed to hold more than 5% in a private sector bank since the RBI announced norms in 2005 that any stake exceeding 5% in the private sector banks would need to be vetted by them. In recent years critics have charged that the non-government owned banks are too aggressive in their loan recovery efforts in connection with housing, vehicle and personal loans. There are press reports that the banks loan recovery efforts have driven defaulting borrowers to suicide. Executive Summary Today’s business world has become very competitive. To keep pace in this competitive environment it is very necessary for a marketer to communicate about the company’s offerings to consumers. All the element of promotional mix work to communicate with the audience. Marketers use communications in an attempt to persuade customers to act in a desired manner. Thoughts about the Future of Advertising Skeptics who forecast the demise of advertising ignore the fact that business and other enterprises have an innate need to communicate with their publics. The real question is not will advertising continue to be an important tool of business communication but simply, what forms will advertising take in the future? Certainly a host of issues related to change face the advertising business. Such issues include the relative importance of the various types of advertising over time, who will pay for what, what controls might be appropriate in light of the changing media environment, and so on. While changes and improvements in traditional mass media continue to occur, a massive change is underway which blends the efficiency of traditional mass media and the marketing potential of ones of this blending include, most importantly, the internet, but also personalized supermarket checkout coupons and personal in-flight video screens. Now the issue arise how advertisers can participate in the development of such media to the benefit of all the parties involved. Development Credit Bank A Quick Brief A new generation private sector bank, Development Credit Bank (DCB) is the preferred banking services provider across 80 state-of-the-art branches across 10 states and two union territories. The Bank has recently launched several value added initiatives and intends to become one of the country’s preferred and profitable private sector banks, providing a comprehensive suite of â€Å"best in class† products for customers in Retail, SME and Corporate Banking market segments in chosen geographies. DCB has deep roots in India since its inception in the 1930’s. Its promoter the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development (AKFED) holds over 23% stake. AKFED is an international development agency dedicated to promoting entrepreneurship and building economically sound enterprises in the developing world. It had co-promoted HDFC in India in the late seventies. AKFED operates as a network of affiliates comprising 90 separate project companies. Employing over 30,000 people, it reported annual revenues in excess of US$1. 5 billion. The Fund is active in 16 countries in the developing world. The Past Built on over 78 years of trust, tradition and togetherness, DCB was converted into a Scheduled Commercial Bank on May 31,1995, in the wake of India’s economic liberalisation. It was the only co-operative bank, which successfully crossed over and thrived in the face of change. The Bank has a network of 80 state-of-the-art, customer friendly, and conveniently located branches across the states of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Delhi/ NCR, Rajasthan, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, West Bengal and the Union Territories of Daman ; Diu and Dadra ; Nagar Haveli. Spreading wings, with the wind beneath Under the table guidance of an experienced Board of Directors and the leadership of a dynamic senior management team DCB strategically aims to enhance its reach and spread, while introducing exciting new banking products for its customers. Seamless, flawless and timely service To adhere to its vision of becoming the gold standard in customer service in Indian banking, intensive training and service quality programmes have been initiated with customer delight becoming the key focus of the Bank. This will become the lifeblood of DCB and act as its key differentiator. Not just a Bank, a Financial Supermarket DCB intends to offer an extensive range of products across its branches. Suitable variants of the basic products like savings and current accounts as well as innovative products such as the ‘DCB Trio’ and ‘Easy Business,’ keep DCB ahead of the pack. Demat Account and a range of investment products like mutual funds, insurance and bonds make the product offering complete. Close to its roots, yet flying high Since its inception, DCB has always taken an active interest in developing low-cost customer deposit products and providing for the needs of small and medium businesses in select regions. It continues to fulfil every consumer need with great enthusiasm. The Bank is also suitably equipped with the latest versions of Finacle from Infosys and Oracle to provide seamless service to its customers. A Bank for its people The pan-India employee teleconferences and introduction of performance-based incentives have already charged the existing work force. Given its reputation for being a non-hierarchical and dynamic organisation, DCB is one of the chosen destinations for aspiring banking professionals. A grip on the future The Bank has an active and robust treasury, managing its interest rate risks nd liquidity by providing an uninterrupted flow of funds, positioning the Bank for future growth. About the Dissertation Objective:- The aim of choosing this bank is â€Å"to provide a guideline to businesses, based on which, they can frame and implement suitable strategies pertaining to the form of Advertising as a part of marketing communication with respect to the continues changi ng business scenario†. The thesis has overall identified the need of Advertising and PR, how is it different from each other and how it is effecting the business of today. We all know that these tools of communication become the bread and butter of any organization. This is because they want to be noticed and known in the business environment. The brief giving how this dissertation aims to find out the true analysis of these two most effective communication tools are: * The research would aim at giving an insight of the importance and need advertising and PR in marketing of products and services with the aim of brand building and recall building initiative. * The research would give an analysis how each of the above affect the present business in Indian scenario and what is its impact on the same. The present status as a tool of marketing communication * The future prospect as a tool of marketing communication * To find out why should a particular company take the strategy of undertaking Advertising or PR as tools of marketing * To examine which is the best tool of marketing among the two. * To find out the perception of advertising from the perspectiv e of customer. Research Methodology Apart from the Secondary data analysis, to give it a back up with the perceptions and suggestions certain methodologies have been undertaken to make this dissertation or thesis a more proactive. The research methodology would be kept very simple. The research would concentrate on both Primary and secondary data research, wherein; the following resources have been followed to collect the data. For primary data collection * Questionnaire design * Personal Interviews For secondary data collection * Articles * White Papers * Management Books * Magazines * Internet A total of 60 respondents were selected Filling up of questionnaire- 55 Personal Interviews- 5 This is a very interesting and hot topic in the business scenario. So the businesses should understand, what were there achievements in satisfying there customer in the Indian market, and accordingly should make strategies for the same. All business wants to market itself and so PR and Advertising have become two of the most suitable methods to build the brand, which would help them to be profitable in the competitive world. Thus, the research and the thesis would provide an analysis from all aspect- be it the need, importance, the current status, satisfying the present to fulfill the future. The perceptions and suggestions would give the reader a thorough understanding and help to take future decisions. The total thesis would be made after proper research and inputs from best of the people in the industry. Suitable examples, references of the persons contacted would be provided. Literature Review Chapter 1 Public Relation Public Relations as a subset of marketing communication is becoming increasingly important in India. Public relations helps an organization and its public to adapt mutually to each other. Often, it is a term used to describe both, a way of looking at an organizations performance and a program of activities. The public relations function takes many forms in different organizations, including public information, investor relations, public affairs, corporate communications, employee relations, marketing or product publicity, and consumer service or customer relations. Basic to all public relations, however, is communicating. Well-planned, effectively handled communications are increasingly seen as essential to the success and even existence of organizations and causes in todays changing world. Every organization-government, business, labor, professional, trade, health, cultural, financial, recreational, educational and public service-depends on people. Their attitudes, attention, understanding, and motivation can be critical to the success or failure of an organization or idea. A public relations, at its best, not only tell an organization’s â€Å"story† to its publics, but also helps in shaping the organization and the way it performs. Through research, measurement and evaluation, public relations professionals determine the concerns and expectations of the organizations publics and explain them to management. A responsible and effective public relations program is based on the understanding and support of its publics. PR is a non-personal form of promotional communication but (in contrast with advertising) is a non-paid form. For example many newspapers and magazines regularly carry news about new launches etc with a view to inform their readers. At random if we pick up the Financial Express of 18. 10. 99. Then on page-7 of the newspaper there are three news items: * Sikkim Dairy Products and Ind. Swiss company had introduced a range of fresh and natural cheese. * Mercedes Benz is offering pre-owned (i. second hand) Mercedes at Rs. 12. 5 lakh onwards: against the new Mere price of Rs. 28 lakh. * Navneet Publications has introduced games for children. Since these items of news, even if they occupy newspapers space, they dont have to be paid for by the marketers. This is what is PR of the respective brands. General Features of PR: * Unpaid: Already explained above. * No identified sponsor: Here the news is supposedly given by the PR firms to the respective media, through which the news get published; and not by the company. To that extent it is more believable. In other words when the main objective of communication is to create conviction then PR through independent media exposure may prove to be better than through advertising. * Credibility: Since the news seems to have come from an independent unbiased source it appears more authentic. For instance, on 7. 4. 2000 Times of India Delhi edition carries a news item discussing the virtues of Compaq 7800, their latest offering. This naturally will be believed more by a potential buyer than an advertisement for the same product. * Additional Reach: This information reaches even those who otherwise may decide to ignore an advertisement. More so because while reading a newspaper one may decide that he has bought it to read news not ads. * No/ low cost: Thus as explained earlier, when a Fashion columnist covers the show organized by say Ritu Beri, she only extends her courtesy of an invitation card and may be a cocktail party post fashion show. * No Control: Greatest demerit is that we cannot control PR. Thus, it could be negative PR whereby the product may be criticized. The newspaper may decide to ignore the particular brand, since it may not find it worth publicizing. Chapter 2 Understanding PR Today business success depends not just on new and better products but equally on being heard in public forums. As the country begins to develop new rules of the economic game, business needs a credible presence – with customers, employees, shareholders, financers, journalists, government officials and law makers. This will provide the cutting edge to competitiveness. Dealing with the scrutiny of various interest groups, being heard in various forums through public affairs communication, is what Public Relations is all about. The main functional area of Public Relations encompasses the following aims: * Understanding and analyzing public opinion, attitudes and issues which might have an impact on the organisation’s plans and operations. * Counseling organisation’s management on policy decisions, courses of action and communication with regard to organisation’s social responsibilities. * Researching, conducting and evaluating on a continuing basis, programs of action and communication to achieve informed public understanding necessary to the success of an organization. * Planning and implementing the rganisation’s effort to influence or change public policy. * Managing the resources needed to perform all above. Media is the all-pervasive means of building perceptions and images. When a PR program is planned, each medium gets its own individual consideration. In-depth study of the present communication strategy in your organization marks the beginning of a committed relationship. Even specific short term projects involve being responsive and proactive to public opinion. Our expertise in the consultancy arena is an added advantage. The Activities of PR The basic Activities concerned are: * Media Relations * Editorial Services Media Update * Image ; Brand Management * Event Management * Communication Workshops * Government Relations ; Lobbying * Crisis Management * Employee Relations ; Consumer Relations * Advertisement Management * Corporate Films * Investor Relations * Public Opinion ; Market Research MEDIA RELATIONS This is the first step towards being known in the media. For this, their media relation team needs to give that extra push in generating newer media contacts on a regular basis. The stronger the relationship with the media, the easier it gets to get you covered in the publications and electronic media. The main activities pertain to: * Create strategies to effectively work with the media. * Build proactive relationships with the media that benefit the clients. * Plan, publicize and provide services for press conferences and media briefings. * Work on an ongoing basis to position your company in a positive light. EDITORIAL SERVICES This is a very specialized service wherein, after understanding the client requirements, seasoned client servicing and copywriting experts develop editorial write-ups to get printed in the various target publications. The main activities pertain to: Create support products, including fact sheets, brochures and other forms of marketing material. * Develop news releases, news advisories and media kits, in journalism form. * Pen guest commentaries and letters to the editor for submittal. * Write speeches and presentations. MEDIA UPDATE An active PR campaign for a client goes waste, if the media is not informed about the right things at the right time. The me dia update service helps its clients to stay in news always. The main activities pertain to: * Insight on what to expect from the media in its news and editorial coverage. Advance warning on what reporters may ask and how they may ask it. * Timely updation of newsworthy information to the target media. GOVERNMENT RELATIONS ; LOBBYING It is very important to know how to communicate with all levels of government, in ways they appreciate and understand. Whether the political participation at an event is to be catered to, have the intention to reach a politician on an issue, or simply need an appropriate political invitation list, we can provide access to the policy makers. The main activities pertain to: Conduct thorough, accurate research to acquire an in-depth picture of the community and its governmental structure, policies and procedures. * Cultivate and nurture an effective network of community support. * Implement grass-roots and governmental strategies. * Assist with the prepara tion of public presentations. CRISIS COMMUNICATION Crisis management begins with an audit of potential problems caused by internal or external forces. From the audit, we would identify loopholes, develop necessary internal communications procedures and train your management through simulated crisis. The main activities pertain to: Development of emergency response and communications plans. * Advance planning. * Creation of media and community contact directories. * Media training prior to an actual crisis situation. * Crisis management plans that deal with the media. * Consultation and real-time strategic planning during a crisis. * Day-by-day analysis of media coverage. EVENT MANAGEMENT Today the work of PR is not only restricted to the realm of getting coverages only. It has further advanced to create, manage and publicize events for clients, from international launch to national seminars, from social events to cultural evenings. Whether its a large-scale public event or an industry conference, a splashy product launch or a celebrity night, the PR firms handles events with flair. Original ideas and flawless execution are the only accepted standards. From venue recommendations to the invitation list, the final result is that the events produce impressive and measurable results. The main activities pertain to: * Conceptualize and deliver events of any magnitude * Co-ordinate all third party negotiations and vendor arrangements * Design of all invitations * Dispatch and follow-ups of all invitations Arrangement for special guests of honor, celebrities, politicians, etc. COMMUNICATION WORKSHOPS It is highly imperative for the corporate spokesperson, who would be the face of the company he represents to speak out something awkward or unwanted in any corporate interview with the media. The PR objective becomes prominent in designating corporate spokesperson getting to interact with a senior media personality in ord er to brush up their skills in handling various media queries with poise an d elan. The main activities pertain to: * Briefings on how to communicate with the media. * Insight into what to expect from the media. Tips on how to prepare for an interview. * Mock interviews so you can practice techniques needed to succeed. * Talking points that turn your ideas into concise, quotable statements. ADVERTISEMENT MANAGEMENT An important element of public relations can be an advertising program that supports other communications strategies, such as media relations. But, one needs to strategize the media plan so that it can complement the editorial support effectively. The main activities pertain to: * Research advertising potential and recommend outlets. * Create a comprehensive advertising program. * Write copy for print advertising. Produce print advertising. PUBLIC OPINION AND MARKETING RESEARCH Public opinion research and marketing research provide essential information for strategic deci sion making. The in-house expertise and necessary capabilities to provide clients with the best and most useful strategic data possible is the main idea. A effective Pr would recommends a ‘Comprehensive Reputation Audit Assessment Systems’ (CRAAS) which helps us understand the market perception of the client’s strengths, weaknesses, challenges and its positioning in the market, in order to formulate a proper media strategy. The main activities pertain to: * Identify perception parameters * Map your company perception vis-a-vis your competitors. * Strategies media communication based on the positive perception results. IMAGE AND BRAND MANAGEMENT In the emerging marketplace, the corporate brand and image is being dramatically redefined. While the corporate brand is now understood to be a valuable asset, many companies are struggling to realize its full potential. The corporate branding practice is dedicated to developing the corporate brand as a potent and sustainable competitive advantage, and maximizing its utility to our clients. The main activities pertain to: * Brand Development, (research, segmentation, analysis, identity development, strategic planning) * Brand Expression (targeting, messaging, program execution) * Measurement / Program refinement. EMPLOYEE RELATIONS CONSUMER RELATIONS In the battle for share of mind and market, your internal audiences are the front lines. No corporation or organization can hope to communicate persuasively and productively with outside audiences unless and until it has gotten the message to its own employees, distributors and other business partners. The main activities pertain to: Advising clients on internal communication best practices * To providing editorial and graphic design for magazines, newsletters and marketing materials * Bolstering morale through poster and exhibit design. * Newsletters * Consumer Surveys * Consumer oriented Events * Tie ups and Associations INVESTOR RELATIONS SERVICES The investor relations services are designed to increase your market valu e and broaden your shareholder base. The effective PR strategies would make the respective company standout among the thousands of investment opportunities battling for each investors rupees. After extensive market research, developing and communicating a compelling investment thesis for owning the companys Stocks and Securities following the guidelines and rules of SEBI. The main activities pertain to: 1. Financial Messaging 2. General Investor Relations 3. Pre-IPO Communications 4. Mergers and Acquisitions The PR spend The Rieses still see a role for advertising, but primarily as a defense mechanism for established brands and products, not as a builder of new ones. Public relations specifically publicity and the resulting word of mouth are what really build new brands, they maintain. Most industry executives might dismiss that as a gross generalization but all agree that PR is an important and growing tool being increasingly used by marketers. However, both suffered for year. PR spending has long paled compared to ad spending, given the lack of media expense and relative lack of production expense involved. A 2001 survey by Thomas L. Harris/Impulse Research found consumer-products companies, for example, spend about 0. 05% of revenue on PR. Thats a tiny fraction of the 2% to 10% of revenues such companies ordinarily spend on overall marketing expense. The survey also found that marketers cut PR budgets as a percent of sales from 0. 09% to 0. 07% last year, a 29% drop. The percentage of client PR budgets earmarked for product publicity, however, actually went up five points to 23%, even though total spending on product publicity actually went down 10% to $518 million. In India the Public Relations industry reached a major milestone last year in December with the launch and formation of Public Relations Consultants Association of India (PRCAI), an umbrella body representing all the professional consultancies in India. The PRCAI, mooted by a group of seven leading public relations firms, is a pioneering body that will represent the over Rs. 1 billion industry, which employs more than 8,000 professionals today. Union Budget 2006-07: Public Relations firms ready for service tax The public relations fraternity has welcomed Finance Minister P Chidambarams proposal in the Union Budget 2006-07, presented in Parliament on February 28, to formally bring PR services under the service tax net. The Finance Minister also proposed to raise the service tax rate from 10 per cent to 12 per cent and widen the indirect tax net to double the collections to Rs. 4,500 crore in 2006-07. During 2005-06, the government is likely to collect Rs 23,000 crore as against the budget estimate of Rs 17,500 crore. Speaking about the repercussions of service tax on the PR industry, Perfect Relations Cherian said, I believe the move will lead to consolidation among the small and non-organised PR firms because they may find it diffic ult to cope with the service tax burden. These small firms will ultimately be acquired by bigger firms. Chapter 3 Customer Relationship Management in context to Public Relation Customer relationship management (CRM)  is a broadly recognized, widely-implemented strategy for managing and nurturing a company’s interactions with customers, clients and sales prospects. It involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize business processes- principally  sales activities, but also those for  marketing,  customer service, and  technical support. The overall goals are to find, attract, and win new clients, nurture and retain those the company already has, entice former clients back into the fold, and reduce the costs of marketing and client service. Customer relationship management denotes a company-wide business strategy embracing all client-facing departments and even beyond. When an implementation is effective, people, processes, and technology work in synergy to increase profitability, and reduce operational costs. Chapter 4 The Research A research was conducted for making this thesis a more value addition and to provide a basis to the industry to choose the right mix of communication tool for laying down a more successful business. Based on the questionnaire given below, the research was conducted Research Methodology and Data Sources: The research was started with an Exploratory Research, it included interviews. Exploratory Research seeks to investigate preferences and the impact towards the current business scenario. On the bases of this research various hypothesis was framed and tested on the basis of information collected through a survey. The survey was done on the basis of a questionnaire. The following are the factors have been taken into consideration while seeking out the information for the assessment: Methodology used The data collection tools used was: * Questionnaire Personal Interview The personal interview are based on the question â€Å" Which one do you think is more impactful communication tool and how does it create an impact in the present business scenario? The questionnaire comprising of 12 questions covered all the relevant aspects that were required for the survey among 60 respondents. Demographic Profile| Age group 18 years and aboveGender Male and Fe male| Psychographics profile| All the people who were existing customers of the bank and can give their views on the same to let us know their preference level. Geographic location| Chandni Chowk (Old Delhi) branch of Development Credit Bank| Questionnaire CUSTOMER SERVICE RATING APPEAL TO THE CUSTOMERS Dear Respondent, The objective of this survey is to know the point of views of the costumer about the bank and what do they think and level of satisfaction derived from the bank; this would help us in improving our future services. I would be very grateful to you for filling the questionnaire and being a part of this research PART A QUALITATIVE ASPECTS Sl. No. | Services| Ratings| 1. | Cleanliness, Layout, Access to the entrance,Visibility of Signboards| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 2. | Space available for sitting / waiting / writing| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 3. | Easy availability of loose pay-in-slips,withdrawal slips, DDs / TTs forms ; challans etc. | V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 4. | Availability of services of staff members for any enquiry, problems or Guidelines for various deposit schemes, theirAdvantages| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 5. | General behaviour of the members of staff| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 6. | Availability of services at ComputerisedCounters eg. Knowing the balance, Debit /Credit of instruments etc. and delivery of printed Pass Books / Statements| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 7. | Expert services available in handling ofimport / export business| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 8. | Compliance of standing instructions| V. Good| Good| Average| Poor| 9. | Availability of Complaint Register on demand| Easily availableon Demand| Not available| 10. | Any complaint lodged by you is still to beredressed. If so please put the date of complaintlodged with the branch| None| Not attended (putdate of lodgementof complaint)| B. Quantitative Aspect Sl. No. Staff initiative to minimise waiting hours of the customers at the Counter| | | | 1. | Payment of Cash, Cheques, Demand Drafts| within 15mts. | 15-30mts. | More than30 mts. | 2. | Receipt of Cash in the accounts / purchase ofDDs and in other accounts| within 15mts. | 15-30mts. | More than30 mts. | 3. | Delivery of Demand Drafts / Pay Orders / BankOrders| within 20mts. | 20-30mts. | More than30 mts. | 4. | Delivery of Fixed Deposit Receipts| within 20mts. | 20-30mts. | More than30 mts. | 5. | Updating of Savings / RD Pass Books (Whereentries are not more)| Within15 mts. | 15-30mts. Morethan 30mts. | Morethan 1day| 6. | Issue of Cheque Books in Current / SB a/cs| Within15 mts. | 15-30mts. | Morethan 30mts. | Morethan 1day| 7. | Issue of Statement of Accounts (Manual)| Within 7days| 7-15 days| More than15 days| 8. | Issue of Statements of Acc ounts / Pass Books(on Computers)| Instantly| More than30 mts. | More than1 hour| Findings and Analysis PART A QUALITATIVE ASPECTS Question 1: Cleanliness, Layout, and Access to the entrance, Visibility of Signboards? 69%+25% of people believe on clean layout of the bank Question 2: Space available for sitting / waiting / writing 5%+45% of people believe in space availability of the bank Question 3: Easy availability of loose pay-in-slips, withdrawal slips, DDs / TTs forms ; challans 80% of customer can easily find the required documentations Question 4: Availability of services of staff members for any enquiry, problems or Guidelines for various deposit schemes, their Advantages Question 5: General behavior of the members of staff In both the questions the respondents likes the way they are treated Question 6: Availability of services at Computerized Counters eg. Knowing the balance, Debit /Credit of instruments etc. and delivery of printed Pass Books / Statements The evidences ar e easy to submerge Question 7: Expert services available in handling of import / export business As per requirement customers availing import export services have responded well Question 8: Compliance of standing instructions If possible all complaints are taken on vain Question 9: Availability of Complaint Register on demand Every complain is registered Question 10: Any complaint lodged by you is still to be redressed. If so please put the date of complaint lodged with the branch Every registered complain is solved PART B QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS Question 1: Payment of Cash, Cheques, Demand Drafts Only 2% of bills are not served well Question 2: Receipt of Cash in the accounts / purchase of DDs and in other accounts To maintain the regular cash equity balance Question 3: Delivery of Demand Drafts / Pay Orders / Bank Orders Safe delivery leads safe deposits Question 4: Delivery of Fixed Deposit Receipts With 7. 75% of interest rate on f. ds Question 5: Updating of Savings / RD Pass Books (Where entries are not more) Machines lead to mass and efficient production and services Question 6: Issue of Cheque Books in Current / SB a/cs Question 7: Issue of Cheque Books in Current / SB a/cs Question 8: Issue of Statements of Accounts / Pass Books (on Computers) Desperate times need desperate measures Interviews The personal interview is based on the question â€Å"Which one do you think is more impactful communication tool and how does it create an impact in the present business scenario? † Out of all the interviews, few of the worth mentioning COMMENTS are given as follows. ‘I think D. C. B is more effective since it concentrates on their present customer so well that they can reach a wider mass through word of mouth. If a company want to make itself and its product and services prominent in the market vis a vis its competitors, it should be able to communicate it to the target audience. If you consider this fact that India, is widely a rural country and a huge part of the population is illiterate, you can reach them through attractive and pictorial cum sound based advertisement. Thus, I think the company has a potential to grow and be more effective. ’ Mrs. Gurdeep Kaur Housewife ‘I think today Development Credit bank can do more than just what they are doing. An Advertising can deliver the message to the target audience in a more prominent way that PR. A Company should be in the position to adopt the best communication tool for itself . Although I have seen a couple of advertisements of the bank in the local newspapers but it would be better that the company take a step ahead and work on a better mass media. The present business scenario is very complex, yet interesting. So to keep pace with it as well as the competitiveness, the companies needs to make the right choice’ Ravi Perti Client Servicing, Adcon Services. Comments besides the questionnaire and the inteview Mr. Ashis Nigam: finds the bank to be very good as has recently shifted from H. D. F. C Mr. Bhandari, Medi Slabs: has the best experience in the online banking Mr. Manu Jain: finds staff to be less White Paper On Daily Rituals of the World A recent study by ad agency BBDO Human beings are creatures of habit- the morning coffee with two sugars, the post-lunch brush and floss, the bedtime yoga routine with lights dimmed. Advertisers, on the other hand, often try to break those habits by wedging new products and services into various parts of the day. Now comes ad giant BBDO Worldwide with its latest weapon to help clients get an edge: An extensive global study of daily rituals. Unlike habits or routines, which may be ingrained but carry no emotional meaning, a ritual is described in the study as a defined series of actions that helps us transform from one emotional state to another. Many of those actions involve favorite things, naturally, and BBDOs hope is that the data will help clients insert their products into those rituals. We didnt have categories or brands in mind, says Tracy Lovatt, director of behavioral planning at BBDO North America. We wanted to study the power of rituals in our lives. The study comes at a time when ad agencies are struggling to find new ways to reach customers, and emphasize the value of their work to clients. This is another example of how the richest source of insight comes from observing behavior, says BBDO President and Chief Executive Andrew Robertson. Making Meaning But rituals are something many associate with rites of passage- marriage, death, even the transition to a new season. BBDO, in contrast, came up with five t hat occur every day in every part of the world: * preparing for battle (the morning ritual), * feasting (reconnecting with your tribe over food), * sexing up (primping), returning to camp (leaving the work place), and * Protecting yourself for the future (the ritual before bed). As part of the study, researchers asked more than 5,000 people in 21 countries how they behave during these five transitional periods of the day. While people in every culture report engaging in rituals for similar reasons, they approach them quite differently. About 41% of Chinese respondents said they schedule sex, for example, while only 3% of Russians do- and 7% of Americans. Nightly Lockdown Fully 44% of Brazilians read in the bathroom, according to the study; in Saudi Arabia, 10% of respondents do. More than half of all Indian respondents surf the Web before leaving the house, while less than one-third of Americans or Canadians do. About 80% of Saudi Arabians pray or meditate before work; in Germany, 3% of respondents do. The rituals that are easiest to understand occur in the morning and evening. Marketers have long appreciated the value of getting a foothold in the tightly scheduled morning ritual, when people tend to stick with a routine and a particular set of products. BBDO participants reported doing an average of seven activities in under an hour, from brushing their teeth and drinking coffee to checking -mail (participants between the ages of 60 and 70 reported the highest rate of e-mail use). BBDO dubbed the period before bed protecting yourself for the future. Thats because the survey found people in self-preservation mode, as they went about locking windows and doors, applying wrinkle cream, and selecting clothes or armor for the next day. Its a brief period, but al so the perfect time to find customers at their most vulnerable. As BBDOs Robertson, a former insurance salesman, puts it: If there was some way to be in the home as people are going through lockdown, you could probably sell a lot of insurance. Broad Categories When it comes to rituals in the middle of the day, the surveys results are less conclusive. That might have to do with the categories BBDO settled on. Feasting, for example, is described as pleasurable and indulgent†¦the ritual that reunites us with our tribes. But the frequency with which people feast vs. simply eating something to stave off hunger isnt clear, and anyone who has organized a midweek meal with busy kids knows that indulgent may not be the best way to characterize the mood. Everyone, too, understands the elaborate preparations that go into sexing up. But the category is a catch-all for everything from teenage girls e-mailing each other to find out what theyre going to wear. Returning to camp, meanwhile, ca n mean anything from sharing martinis with friends to staring zombie-like at the TV with a bag of chips in hand. Watching TV also creeps into both the morning and evening rituals, as do other habits- this perhaps means the same activity serves different purposes at different hours of the day. Even so, marketers may find BBDOs results help them tailor their approach to consumers. For instance, cultures in which a high proportion of people eat on their way to work, such as China, could be more open to portable breakfast food than those that dont, such as Spain. While everybody showers or bathes, a shower gel aimed at Polish consumers might emphasize relaxing qualities, as 84% of them shower at night. A more invigorating message might work better with the 92% of Mexicans who shower or bathe in the morning. Knowing that women in Colombia, Brazil, and Japan apply makeup in their car at twice the global rate could prompt a new approach to the design and marketing of cosmetics. Breaking the Code The challenge is that most consumers are loyal to particular products and patterns, making it tough for marketers to become part of a ritual if another brand is already there. Americans, in particular, said they use the same products every morning, though theyre more flexible about what they use at night. Russians are less predictable- only half of them use the same products as part of their morning ritual, and 19% of them use the same products before going to bed. If theres one constant around the world, its this: Almost everyone gets irritated when their rituals are disrupted. How will clients see the work? BBDO has presented the findings to several so far, and some were willing to share a few comments with Business Week. YUM! Brands Chairman and CEO David Novak, who calls his company maniacal about insight-driven marketing, says the study will provide a fresh, new lens to uncover those insights that lead to positive and lasting changes in consumer behavior. Pepsi-Cola North America Chief Marketing Officer Cie Nicholson called the study intriguing, because we can learn how to build our brands share of life, not just share of market. For Scott Aakre, a vice-president at Hormel Foods (HRL), the Holy Grail is to find a way to break the code and fit into one of these five universal routines sowe might be able to build lifelong relationships between our brands and consumers. Thats a tough challenge. HERE AT DEVELOPMENT CREDIT BANK WE BELIEVE.

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Budgeting - Essay Example (Klammer, 1999) A financial reporting system should have several components including assets, which refer to resource primarily controlled by an enterprise. Assets are ownership of a company and should be well recorded in the financial statements to be clearly reflected. Liabilities should also be clearly recorded and equity as well included in the financial statements. Equity is residual interest in assets after all liabilities have been taken care of and is also called owner’s equity. Operating budget versus activity based budget An operating budget refers to a yearly budget presented in terms of cost accounts, functional categories and budget classification code among others. It consists of estimates of total value of resources needed in operation. It is used to track operations in maintenance, wages as well as dividend payments among others. An activity based budget is one in which activities happening in a specific organisation are recorded and costs associated to them ar e recorded as well. (Cokins, 2006) This is followed by act of associating these costs with a company’s goals and hence from this, an activity based budget is developed. ... Though goals are set, both budgets have little or no control at all on whether or not the goals will be achieved. Both activity based budget and operating budget engage all stakeholders hence success or failure is attributed to all. Activity based budgeting and operating budget display some differences. Activity based budget is majorly based operating activities and costs as opposed to operating budget which is based on budget classification codes and cost accounts. Operating budget keeps track of maintenance operations, salaries and wages, and interest payments. Activity based budget on the contrary mainly focuses on a company’s goals and how much has been achieved. (Proctor, 2009) Management of ICBI should adapt activity based budget. It is not hard to come up with and it is rather cheap since it avoids a bloated budget by making sure that relevant activities are recorded and costs associated to them. ICBI management should be sure of goals of the company, activities and res ources required to run these activities. These activities should be recorded and tied with codes. Having recorded all activities required for performance, every cost code should then be associated with costs relevant to them and with special attention to goals of ICBI. Budget guidelines for ICBI There has to be a plan before any budget is made and this plan has some guidelines to help develop it. A budget cannot be made by one mind but requires to have a group of individuals that will work together to help develop a comprehensive budget. It should be prepared within the generally accepted principles and procedures of accounting. A budget should incorporate

Disability and rehabilitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Disability and rehabilitation - Essay Example The primary parts of the research presented are the title and the abstract. These parts need to present a view on the main contents of the research undertaken. The title specifically is the part that can identify the main focus of the study and even the methods used to arrive at the results which are stated in a single statement. The title of the study presents the parameters that are included such as the quality of life and the oxygen consumption of the CHF patients. These are used for the determination of the effect of physical training. Additional information specifically the method of research used e.g. randomization is important in the title. Another pertinent part that needs to give and overview of the research process undertaken is the abstract. It is comparable to a summary of the study presented in a manner similar to the organization of the paper itself. The indication of the parts in a structured abstract can be considered ideal on the basis of the readers’ ease in finding information.The main aim is the assessment of the QoL and oxygen consumption to be able to gauge the effects of physical training to patients of CHF. The said parameters had been assessed through the study of a population of men with the condition referred to as ischaemic CHF which had been randomized into groups of different set ups with varying levels of physical training.